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BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of autonomic nervous system is the common process for coronary heart disease (CHD), primary hypertension (EH), diabetes mellitus (DM), and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) which have become common diseases in the elderly.The function of autonomic nervous system can be evaluated by circadian rhythm index of heart rate.The aim of this study was to identify potential links between circadian rhythm index of heart rate and dysfunction of autonomic nervous system in the elderly with common diseases.