Chronic neuropathic pain is a common and debilitating consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI).In a rat contusion injury model,we observed that chronic neuropathic pain is present on day 7 after SCI and persists for the entire 56-day observa-tion period.However,currently available pain therapies are inadequate for SCI-induced neuropathic pain.In this study,we showed that spinal transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) enhanc-es remyelination in the injured spinal cord and reduces SCI-induced chronic neuropathic pain.Moreover,we found that SCI reduces the protein level of neuregulin-1 and ErbB4 in the injured spinal cord and that OPC transplantation enhances the spinal expression of both proteins after SCI.Finally,intrathecal injection of neuregulin-1 siRNA,but not the control non-target RNA,diminishes OPC transplantation-produced remyelination and reverses the antinociceptive effect of OPC transplantation.Our findings suggest that the transplantation of embryonic stem cell-derived OPCs is an appropriate ther-apeutic intervention for the treatment of SCI-induced chronic neuropathic pain and that neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling plays an important role in central remyelination under pathological conditions and contributes to the alleviation of such pain.