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在中国近现代学术思想史上,有一个评主始终受到各方正面评价的黄宗羲现象。黄宗羲是明清鼎革易代之际坚守道德底线的文化遗民。黄宗羲思想是远绍宋学、薪傅蕺山、嗣轨阳明的儒家血胍。所着《明夷待访录》是关于国家组织形式和政治轨道的构想,形成以“天下为主,君为客”为核心命题、“藏天下于天下”为关键观念的政治思想体系,表现出主权在民不在君、民权高于君权,政权、社会、舆论三层开放的现代民主政治意羲,是制度构想中的民本论,是儒家外王学的新努力,是中国文化中一部政治哲学经典。它的核心羲理是主张公天下,反对家天下。它的精髓在君是可以换置更易的。它拉掉了“朕即国家”的合法性,拉掉了一家一姓一特殊集团等同甚或凌驾于国家的合法性,确立了公天下的政治大前提大原则。它从思想学术上打开了民主的政治制度建设之门。
In the history of modern Chinese academic thought, one criticism has always been criticized by all parties as Huang Zongxi. Huang Zongxi is a cultural survivor who sticks to the moral bottom line during the Dynasties of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Huang Zongxi’s thought is far from the introduction of Song Studies, Fu Fu Shan, heir Yangming Confucian blood guanidine. The book “Visiting the Visions of the Ming Yi” is a conception of the form of state organization and political orbit, forming a political system whose core proposition is “the world is dominated, the imperial court is guest”, and “the world is hidden in the world” as the key idea The ideological system, the modern democratic political ideal that shows that sovereignty is open to the public and the civil rights are higher than those of the monarchy, government, society and public opinion, is the people-oriented theory in the system conception, as well as the new endeavor of the Confucian school of extraterritoriality A classic of political philosophy in Chinese culture. It is the core of Xi Li advocated that the world, against the world home. Its essence in the king can be replaced more easily. It has taken away the legitimacy of the “state”, removed the legitimacy of a single surname or a special group equivalent to or even superior to that of the country and established the principle of political prerequisites under the public domain. It opens the door to democratic political system construction from ideological and academic level.