During vertebrate gastrulation,“neuralizing” signal from the organizer induces anterior neural tissue and “posteriorizing” signal from the ventral mesoderm converts already neuralized tissue to more posterior neural tissues.Here,we show that,in zebrafish embryos,the chromatin remodeling protein bptf plays crucial roles during the induction and patterning of the anterior vs.the posterior neuroectoderm.Bptf functionally and physically interacts with Smad2.Bptf and Nodal/Smad2 co-regulate a major Bmp antagonist chordin expression to promote neural induction at the onset of gastrulation.We also find that Bptf acts cooperatively with Smad2 in neural posteriorization at the late gastrula stage,although Nodal signal deficient Embryos have appropriate anteroposterior patterning.Furthermore,we discover that TGF-β signal functions in transforming anterior neural tissue to more posterior identity via Bptf and Smad2 regulated wnt8a expression.Thus,Bptf promotes the induction and patterning of the neuroectoderm as a co-regulatory factor of Smad2 under different TGF-β super family signals during early zebrafish embryogenesis.