【摘 要】
:
地球上存在着一种或两种达到或超过人类生命耐受范围的极端环境(如高盐、强碱或强酸、高温或低温环境等).但是,地球上还存在着一些更极为复杂的多极端环境.如一些内陆盐碱湖由于地表土壤含大量的碳酸盐及气候干旱等原因,经过上万年的不断演化,使得湖水及其近岸土壤中含有高浓度的盐离子和强碱性pH(以碳酸盐含量高),并且太阳的暴晒使表层温度很高.因此,生存于这些多极端环境的微生物需要不断进化以适应更为复杂的极端条
【机 构】
:
中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081
【出 处】
:
第七届全国微生物资源学术暨国际微生物系统与分类学研讨会
论文部分内容阅读
地球上存在着一种或两种达到或超过人类生命耐受范围的极端环境(如高盐、强碱或强酸、高温或低温环境等).但是,地球上还存在着一些更极为复杂的多极端环境.如一些内陆盐碱湖由于地表土壤含大量的碳酸盐及气候干旱等原因,经过上万年的不断演化,使得湖水及其近岸土壤中含有高浓度的盐离子和强碱性pH(以碳酸盐含量高),并且太阳的暴晒使表层温度很高.因此,生存于这些多极端环境的微生物需要不断进化以适应更为复杂的极端条件.目前国内外科学家对极端微生物适应机理的研究热点主要集中于单一的极端微生物的嗜极机制.而对多极端微生物独特的环境适应机理研究甚少.嗜热盐碱厌氧菌(Natranaerobius thermophilus)是一株严格厌氧,能在高盐、强pH值和高温条件下生长繁衍的细菌.它生长范围为:盐度3.1-14.9 M Na+(相当于约18.1~28.7%NaCl)、pH 8.3-10.6和35-56℃;最佳生长条件为:3.9 M Na+(约23%NaCl)、pH 9.5和53℃.由于该菌需要依赖于三种极端条件才能更好的生长繁殖,因此被称之为"多极端微生物".N.thermophilus已经被验证采用于"内盐"和"相容性溶质"策略适应极端条件.基于全基因组序列基础上,我们从生理生化特征、与抗逆密切相关的甘氨酸甜菜碱合成基因的新功能鉴定、以及应用iTRAQ蛋白组学技术等进行"点与面(已知基因的新功能与组学数据)"相结合的科学研究.总之,该菌极为独特的生命存在原理,可以更好地认知生命极限,为揭示生命的起源与演化提供新线索,可为生命现象存在的本质提供一些新颖的理论观点.
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