Magnetic particles in soils of industrial region in the Czech Republic and relationship with heavy m

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  Industrial dust contains significant portion of magnetic particles,in particular magnetite and hematite,which are produced namely during combustion of fossil fuel,metallurgical or cement production,and emitted into (and transported through) the atmosphere and deposited on the ground along with the co-produced heavy metals.Experimentally observed correlation between heavy metals andthe magnetic susceptibility values facilitates estimation of distribution of pollutants in the investigated areas.Several studies showed that in polluted areas usually the best correlation is found between magnetic susceptibility and Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn.In general,metals can be divided into 3 groups according to their origin:typically lithogenic (Fe,Al,Cr,Ni),typically anthropogenic (Cu,Pb),and mixed character (Zn,Mn).In our contribution we present results on correlation between iron and magnetic susceptibility in anthropogenically influenced soils and magnetic extracts.Topsoil and subsoil samples,as well as their magnetic extracts,from industrial area,showing high magnetic susceptibility,indicative of high concentration of technogenic Fe-oxides,were analyzed.Regarding heavy metal analysis,three approaches were used to evaluate the Fe content in raw soil samples and their magnetic extract:leaching in 2M HNO3,HF,H2SO4,H2O2 and HC1.Apparently the most questionable correlation is with iron.We examined Fe content in various amorphous glassy spherules of industrial origin,found in topsoils.Fe content,in terms of FeO,varies from 21% to 93% (data from SEM-WDS).Although several leaching techniques for estimation of heavy metal content in soils are known,there is no clear knowledge regarding their efficiency.We have studied the effect of the three leaching agents on the correlation between iron and magnetic susceptibility in raw soil samples as well as in their magnetic extracts in order to get the best possible extraction efficacy.Our results suggest that in anthropogenically affected soils,even if no correlation between iron and magnetic susceptibility was observed in raw samples,different leaching methods yield different,but significant correlation in magnetically extracted material.The least efficient is leaching by 2M HNO3,which does not dissolve the glassy matrix of spherules and iron in the form of ferromagnetic oxide cannot be determined.Contrary to that,leaching with HC1 yields much better results,with the coefficient of determination R2 as high as 0.93 (log-log representation).From our data we can conclude that in case of anthropogenically affected topsoils most of the iron is in the form of ferromagnetic Fe-oxides,which can be extracted using magnetic field,and correlates well with magnetic susceptibility.Leaching with HC1 is enough sufficient to determine concentration of these Fe ions.In the case of raw samples,correlation between Fe and magnetic susceptibility is most probably significantly biased by paramagnetic signal from organic material and Fe ions in exchangeable form,not connected with solid Fe-rich spherules.
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