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Ambient CO2 is continuing rising;the rising CO2 causes plants stomatal pores closing and thus regulates plant gas exchange---CO2 influx into plants and water loss by transpiration.However,early CO2 sensing mechanisms that control plant gas exchange remain incompletely understood.Recently,we found that CO2-binding proteins,βCA1 and βCA4,are required for [CO2] regulation of stomatal movements and stomatal development,functioning as the earliest components in guard cell signaling pathway.