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Aim To study the improvement of docosahexaenoic Acidphosphatidylcholine (DHAPC) on the cognitive deficits of AD rats induced by Aβ2535, and investigate molecular mechanism of DHAPC.Methods 1.fifty healthy wistar rats of SPF level, weighing 250 ~ 300 g were randomly divided into control group, AD group, donepezil group, DHAPC treated group, DHA group.Each group had 10 rats.Aβ2535 was injected into hippocampus CA1 area of the AD group rats and drug treated group rats.The same volume of Normal saline was injected in the same area of sham group rats, the control group deal with nothing.All the groups were tested with Morris water maze after operation to test whether AD models.Both DHAPC treated group and DHA treated group were given by oral administration of corresponding drugs.The AD group and sham group were given by oral administration of normal saline, the control group were fed with normal food.All the groups were treated for 30 days.All the groups were tested with Morris water maze on day 25 after administration.We determined the phosphorylated tau protein of Ser396 site with Western Blot and determined the Superoxide dismutase (SOD).Results The water maze test was performed: The latency period of AD group was increased compared with the sham group (P < 0.05).The DHAPC group was spent less time to find the platform compared with the AD group (P < 0.05).DHAPC treated groups used more 1 inear and tendency modes than AD group.In the probe trial, the AD group spent less time in the target area compared with sham group (P <0.01), and the DHAPC group spent more time in the target area compared with AD group (P < 0.05).The results of Western blot are as follows : DHAPC reduced the phosphorylated tau protein of Ser396 site expressionin cortex (P < 0.01).The results of SOD in cortex were increased in DHAPC treated groups than AD groups (P < 0.01).Conclusion DHAPC can improve the cognitive deficits of AD rats, improve the abnormalities and decreased the level of the phosphorylated Ser396 tau protein of AD rats in cortex.DHAPC can also improve the cognitive deficits of AD rats by increased SOD.