准脆性材料损伤破坏的细宏观尺度联结分析

来源 :2014年全国固体力学学术大会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:PEIDAO
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  以混凝土铸铁岩石为代表的准脆性材料,在外力作用下会在内部产生应力与变形,也会同时出现缺陷、微裂纹和宏观裂缝。材料的破坏过程是细观微结构演变与宏观裂缝发展及串接,同时伴随能量转换的过程。损伤与断裂力学是对该类材料失效过程进行量化研究的有效手段。为此根据材料的微细观察测试,通过固体力学原理建立模型分析其材料缺陷或微裂纹发展与裂缝形成的过程。在材料构件的受载过程中,常见的是有宏观裂缝与其端部损伤区的连接,实际在该断裂过程区存在许多微小的缺陷或裂纹,从而使得材料局部变形增加而受力减弱。对于准脆性材料,一般该断裂过程区为长条带形状,若把该损伤区视为裂缝的一部分,那么在该虚拟裂缝两岸上会存在分布的黏聚作用力及张开位移。由于虚拟裂缝是损伤区的简化,而两岸之间的张开位移实际是微裂纹变形及扩展的综合量化体现。该虚拟裂缝的黏聚应力与张开位移之间或存在内禀的量化关系,且该本构关系决定了材料构件的承载能力与强度高低。因此,对包含有细观缺陷或微裂纹的损伤区分析,与带黏聚力的虚拟宏观裂缝变形计算,拟形成固体失效的细观与宏观分析联结。
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