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Objective: To investigate the epidemiology and co-infection of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections(ALRIs)in Xiamen,China,and to provide the evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods: The nasopharyngeal aspirates of 1407 children with ALRIs were collected and the RSV antigen was detected by direct immunofluorescence assay.Moreover,other respiratory viruses were also investigated for assessing co-infection.The data were analyzed with GrapPad Prism software.Results: The prevalence rate of RSV was 15.2%(214 cases)in the 1407 patients with ALRIs examined from June 2012 to May 2013 in Xiamen,China.The epidemic season first peaks in September,then reaches a second peak in January and continues until March.The prevalence of RSV infection was found to be statistically significantly different in children of different age groups.Under 1 year age group was found to be more susceptible to infection with RSV.No statistical difference of significance was found between the male and female genders.Adenovirus was the main respiratory virus to co-infect with RSV.Conclusion: Our study showed that RSV was one of the main aetiological agents that caused ALRIs in hospitalized children in Xiamen,China.The epidemic season appeared in spring and certain viruses were found to be responsible.