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In our previous study,it is found that the phenomenon of Dean vortex splitting in a bend,as shown in Figs.la and lc.This phenomenon can be explained using the energy gradient theory.At the exit of the elbow,the total pressure distribution in the cross-section presents serious distortion,which leads to generation of maximum of energy gradient function K.As such,it promotes instability of the flow,and therefore causes Dean vortex splitting.