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Studies had showed that silica nanoparticles(SiNPs) can induce harmful effect on male reproduction.Little is known about the mechanism of reproductive toxicity induced by SiNPs.To investigate the mechanisms, 60 male mice(C57) were randomly divided into three groups: gap control, saline control and SiNPs.Mice were respectively exposed to gap, saline and SiNPs once every three days, total 15 times,and were sacrificed at 45 and 75 day after the first dose.Results showed that the histological structural of seminiferous tubules in SiNPs group had changes compared with saline and gap control group, the number of sperm cells and diameter of seminiferous tubules gradually reduced, spermatogenic cells were irregularly arranged on 45day after the first dose.Furthermore, the levels of ROS significantly increased, and SiNPs had an inhibitory effect on the protein expressions of Sohlh1/CyclinA1/CyclinB1/CDK1/CDK2, but these changes were recovered by the day 75.Our findings demonstrated that SiNPs can inhibit the protein expression of meiosis regulatory factors via oxidative stress in mice testicular tissue, lead to reduction of number of sperm cells and diameter of seminiferous tubules.However,the damages is reversible.