Objectve miRNAs function as post-transcriptional regulators, leading to translation repression and gene silencing.When bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are induced to differentiate into neurons, protein Tau shows significant increase.Our hypothesis is that miRNAs might be involved in neural differentiation through regulation of Tau expression.So, the aim of the study is to screen and identify the possible miRNAs involved in Tau expression during the neuronal induction of BMSCs.Methods Neurons were induced from BMSCs by chemical induction method (DMSO+BHA), and neuron markers NSE and Tau were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Then total RNA abstracted from both BMSCs and the neurons were screened by miRNAs Arrays for the ones with discrepancy.Real-time PCR was subsequently used to confirm the variance of miRNAs, and the enhanced expression of Tau (MAPT).Result (1) BMSCs was induced to express NES and Tau; (2) After the neural differentiation, miRNA array showed 16 miRNAs decreased (>1.5 fold), while 14 miRNAs increased significantly.(3) miR-291a-5p and miR-294, which had been shown to be involved in Tau expression was among the decreased miRNAs, (4) decrease of miR-291a-5p and miR-294 level was confirmed by real-time PCR.Counclusion miR-291a-5p, miR-294 may involve in neural differentiation from BMSCs by regulating Tau expression directly or indirectly.