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声源被动测向和定位属于水声学中的逆问题。利用浅海水声环境中传播波的简正波特性,将平面波波束形成的概念加以推广构成模波束形成,可以实现声源定位(深度和距离)或改善两维搜索条件下的信号检测能力。本文论述了这种方法,并给出了常规和最佳模波束形成的计算机模拟实验结果;模拟实验的基阵数据,分别来自对模程序产生的声场和实际声场的采集。文中还研究了实际环境条件下可能出现的模型失配及其对两种模波束形成的影响,以及相应的Robust处理问题。
Passive sound source localization and positioning belong to the inverse problem of water acoustics. By using the simple wave characteristics of propagating wave in shallow marine acoustic environment, the concept of planar beamforming can be generalized to form the beamforming, which can locate the sound source (depth and distance) or improve the signal detection ability under the condition of two-dimensional search. This paper discusses the method and gives the results of computer simulation of the conventional and best-mode beamforming. The array data of the simulation experiment are respectively collected from the sound field generated by the modal program and the actual sound field. The paper also investigates the possible model mismatch and its effect on the two modes of beamforming under the actual environmental conditions, and the corresponding Robust processing problems.