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We investigated an outbreak or vancomycin-resistant tntero-coccus faecium affecting 14 patients in a 20-bed intensive care unit (ICU) between September 2006 and August 2007 (incidence: 3.56 cases per 1000 ICU patient days). Eighteen isolates of vanA type f. faecium were analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, which showed 14 types overall. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified eight different sequence types (STs) (ST78, ST117, ST203, ST316, ST362, ST363, ST364 and ST365), including four new types (ST362, ST363, ST364 and ST365) and 17 strains belonged to clonal complexes CC17. Sixteen of these carried the esp gene. Eighteen Tn 1546-like elements encoding vanA-type VRE were classified into three types (types I to III) and alt of them contained both IS 1216V and IS 1542 insertions. Vancomycin resistance of 14 vanA type E. faecium isolates was transferred at a frequency of 1.3 x 10-6 to 6.4 x 10-5 between E. faecium strains during filter mating. Our findings indicate that conjuga-tive dissemination of Tnf546-like elements among CC17 f. faecium occurred during the outbreak in this ICU.