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外生菌根真菌是生态系统的重要组成部分,其对岩石和矿物的风化作用可对生态系统的物质循环过程产生影响,并在一定程度上提高土壤养分的生物有效性,有利于改善植物营养状况。本文回顾了外生菌根真菌对矿物风化作用的研究进展,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。研究表明,外生菌根真菌可以通过向矿物表面施加物理压力、酸化根际环境以及络合矿物中的金属离子等途径加快包括磷灰石、云母、蛭石等矿物在内的风化进程,促使养分从矿物中析出,并使自身及与其共生的植物受益。但外生菌根真菌对矿物的风化作用受到诸如真菌与矿物的类型、土壤有效养分水平、氮素类型与水平、菌根真菌的生长条件以及根际其他生物的活动等多种因素的影响。目前,通过对矿质元素转移的定量计算、对真菌分泌物的测定分析、对菌丝与矿物颗粒接触面的直接观察分析以及对能量流动的监测等一系列途径,已经对外生菌根真菌矿物风化作用的现象和机理有了一定的认识,但针对这种现象所带来影响的定量计算及其生态意义还有待进一步探究。
Ectomycorrhizal fungi are an important part of the ecosystem. Their weathered rock and mineral can affect the material circulation of the ecosystem, and to a certain extent, improve the bioavailability of soil nutrients, and help to improve plant nutrition situation. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of ectomycorrhizal fungi on the weathering of mineral and prospected the future research direction. Studies have shown that ectomycorrhizal fungi can speed up the weathering process including minerals such as apatite, mica and vermiculite by exerting physical pressure on the mineral surface, acidifying the rhizosphere environment, and coordinating metal ions in minerals to promote Nutrients are precipitated from minerals and benefit the plants themselves and their symbiosis. However, the eutrophication of ectomycorrhizal fungi is affected by many factors such as the types of fungi and minerals, soil available nutrients, nitrogen types and levels, growth conditions of mycorrhizal fungi and the activities of other rhizosphere organisms. At present, a series of approaches, such as the quantitative calculation of mineral element transfer, the determination and analysis of fungal secretions, the direct observation and analysis of the contact surface between mycelium and mineral particles and the monitoring of energy flow, have been carried out on ectomycorrhizal fungi mineral weathering The role of the phenomenon and mechanism have some understanding, but the quantitative calculation of the impact of this phenomenon and its ecological significance remains to be further explored.