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The development of methods for mapping lithology and structure has been the main goals of geological remote sensing research.New remote sensing techniques play an important role in lithologic mapping and structural analysis.ASTER multispectral data are extremely useful for geological applications.With the successful development of mineralogic indices,e.g.,Quartz Index (QI),Carbonate Index (CI),Mafic Index (MI) based on the ASTER multispectral thermal infrared (TIR) data,which have demonstrated the usefulness and effectiveness of ASTER TIR data on lithologic mapping in the semi-arid to arid regions,we have developed a lithologic mapping system for generating mosaic lithologic mapping images covering wide area efficiently.This system is mainly composed of database and image processing subsystems.The former subsystem stores necessary information for data searching and providing a priority order determination for the scenes covering the specified region.The latter subsystem calculates the mineralogic indices and generates the mosaic lithologic mapping images to cover the target region.In this paper,we present the results of lithologic mapping in the western Tarim Basin,NW China.