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Background Genetic variations of the human RETN gene are associated with metabolic phenotypes, including obesity, insulin sensitivity, diabetes and coronary heart disease.There are few studies of two gene variants,-394C > G and-420C > G, in Chinese population.Objective This study investigated the distribution of RETN gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Chinese Han population and the association of the polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD).