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《大宪章》是人类法治文明史上的重要文献之一,对现代法治文明的发展具有重要影响。美国的征收条款在现代化的过程中就深受《大宪章》的影响,具体表现为以下两个方面:第一,在制度建构方面,征收条款自革命前的古典时期萌芽至《权利法案》颁布的现代化时期形成,其间不论是州还是联邦都直接借鉴了《大宪章》中的制度因素,从而使征收条款一直具备限制权力、保障权利的属性。第二,在观念影响方面,《大宪章》先是为古典时期的征收制度的建构提供了保障自由权利的观念基因;后又在征收条款的现代化时期,通过理论家运用自然法理论编织的大宪章神话,实现了征收权的合理化和民主化,最终完成了征收条款从古典向现代的历史变迁。通过对这段制度变迁历史的挖掘,有助于为征收条款提供更为一致的解释框架。
The “Magna Carta” is one of the important documents in the history of human civilization of law and has an important influence on the development of modern law-based civilization. The expropriation provisions in the United States are greatly affected by the “Magna Carta” in the process of modernization. They are manifested in the following two aspects: First, in terms of system construction, the terms of expropriation have sprouted from the classical period before the revolution to the promulgation of the Bill of Rights During the period of modernization, no matter whether the state or the federation directly borrowed the institutional factors in the “Magna Carta”, thus making the collection clause always have the power to limit and safeguard the rights. Second, in terms of conceptual impact, the Magna Carta firstly provided the concept gene for the construction of the collection system during the classical period to protect the right of freedom. Later, in the period of the modernization of the expropriation provisions, the Magna Carta that weaved by theorists through the theory of natural law Myths, the rationalization and democratization of the expropriation rights have been realized, and finally the historical changes of the expropriation provisions from the classical to the modern have been completed. Mining this history of institutional change helps to provide a more consistent interpretation of the levy terms.