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The compress process of cotton straw particle by flat forming machine was observed by microscopy in order to study the seizing of surface morphology mechanism in this paper.The microscopy style of diverse stages material in feeding area,impacting area,compacting area,forming area and forming particle of roll wearing at earlier and later time was studied by the field emission scanning electron microscope.The result shows that disordered material turns to vertical and horizontal direction obviously and fills each other while the inter-space between materials decreases with press roll working.The elastic plastic deformation occurs in compacting area.Microstructure is destroyed entirely,and the fibers floor scuffs tightly.The morphology of direction stabilizes almost meanwhile material turns ordered into forming hole.The more density of particle increases,the tighter particle combines through forming hole.The abrasion of press roll weakens the ability of seizing gradually that leads to weaken the vertical and horizontal direction and even inexist.The same time production efficiency reduces and forming density decreases.The result can provide important basis theory to design the biomass forming equipment.