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Background:Free fatty acids（FFAs） play importance roles in the development of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.We measured serum FFA levels from type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） and acute myocardial infarction（AMI） patients and assay the correlation between serum FFA levelsand related factors.Methods:The study population consisted of 540 healthy individuals and 103 patients with T2 DM,59patients with AMI and 21 volunteers.Serum FFAs were measured with high pressure liquid chromatography.Blood urea nitrogen and uric acid were measured in clinical laboratory,as were glycemic,lipid and blood routine parameters.We selected 242 individuals with age over 60 years,143 healthy individuals and 52 patients with T2 DM,47 patients with AMI were incorporated into three groups as control group,T2 DM group and AMI group.Associations were analyzed with stepwise regression analysis with adjusted for age,sex,body mass index.Results:Serum FFA levels were significantly higher in the age over 60 years individuals compared to 20-50 years（log FFA μ mmol/L:2.60 ± 0.16 vs.2.73 ± 0.18,P<.001） in the healthy group.We found lower FFA levels in the AMI compared to the T2 DM and control group（2.64 ± 0.22 vs.2.72 ± 0.13 &2.72 ± 0.16,respectively,P<.05&P<0.01） in the age over 60,fasting blood glucose level higher in the AMI and T2DM（5.78 ±1.32&7.75 ± 2.93 mmol/L vs.4.90 ± 0.47 mmol/L,P <.01 &P<.001） compared with the normal group,HDL level（1.01 ± 0.22&0.98 ± 0.18mmol/L vs.1.30 ± 0.22mmol/L,P<.001 &P<.001）.With stepwise regression analysis,the serum FFA levels was positively associated with the HDL in the control group(YlogFFA=2.32+0.33XHDL,R=0.26,P<.01) and T2MD(YlogFFA=2.46+0.27XHDL,R=0.36,P<.05,AST in AMI(YlogFFA=2.24+0.015 Xast,R=0.49,P<.01.Conclusions:Compared to control group,serum FFA levels were decreased only in AMI group,while HDL level was increased in both AMI and T2 DM group.The serum FFA levels were positive association with the HDL level in both T2 DM and control group,FFA levels were positive association with AST in AMI.