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The rising cost of plant products shows that they are particularly important to human life.Plant products are commonly divided into different specifications and grades because of differences in their sources.The effective quality control (QC) of these products,however,can be difficult to establish,especially for products with biological activity.Chemical methods based on content determination and chromatographic fingerprints (CFs) have been recommended as powerful tools for the QC of these products.In spite of advances in QC,it can be difficult to establish which of the chemical compositions best reflects the relationship with the desired biological activity,and this issue remains unresolved.Herein,we have focused on the biological activities of plant products to establish new analytical methods by looking for correlations between the biological activities of the materials and their chemical composition to identify reasonable chemical indicators or chemical methods with biological activity information.The combination of bioanalytical (biological fingerprints,BFs) and chemical methods could provide a useful method for evaluating the quality of plant products with certain biological activities.Herein,high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microcaiorimetry have been used to develop the CFs and BFs of Rhizoma coptidis from a variety of different sources.Some biological quantitative parameters,which were obtained from the power-time (p-t) curves of Shigella dysenteriae growth affected by different concentrations of R.coptidis,were analyzed using principal component analysis.The "spectrum-activity" relationships between CF and BF were investigated using canonical correlation analysis.The results revealed a close correlation between the spectrum-activity relationships and several of the major anti-bacterial components in the CF,including jatrorrhizine,coptisine,palmatine,and berberine.These results indicated that R coptidis was representative of the plant products.Herein,we have described advanced methods together with references for evaluating the comiprehensive quality of plant products from a variety of sources.