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由犹太人与欧洲社会融合所加剧的19世纪的犹太人问题,可以从犹太教和欧洲社会两个角度进行理解。法国大革命之后,犹太人问题引起了欧洲社会的强烈关注;马克思也因此写了《论犹太人问题》一文,文中关于犹太人的言论却使得学术界长期以来视马克思为反犹主义者。我们在判断马克思是否为反犹主义者之前,有必要对犹太人问题的本质、反犹主义思想及其判定标准进行一个全面的了解。在此基础上,通过对《论犹太人问题》一文的文本结构分析、对马克思关于犹太人言论前后差异的解读以及历史对照的批判等多个角度的研究,可以看出马克思不是一位反犹主义者,他在某种程度上是犹太人的辩护者。
The Jewish problems of the 19th century, which were exacerbated by the Jewish social integration with Europe, can be understood from two perspectives: Judaism and European society. After the French Revolution, the issue of the Jew caused a strong concern in European society; Marx therefore wrote the article “On the Jewish Question,” in which the remarks about the Jews have made academics have long regarded Marx as an anti-Semitic. Before we judge whether Marx is an anti-Semitic, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the essence of the Jewish question, the anti-Semitism and the criteria for its determination. On this basis, we can see that Marx was not an anti-Semitist by analyzing the textual structure of the article “On the Jewish Question”, studying Marxist interpretation of the difference before and after Jewish speech and the historical contrast criticism He is to some extent a Jewish defender.