Thermal ablation to destroy tumor tissue may help activate tumor-specific T cells by elevating the presentation of tumor antigens to the immune system.However, the antitumor activity of these r cells may be restrained by their expression of the inhibitory T-cell coreceptor CTLA-4, the target of the recently U.S.Food and Drug Administration-approved antibody drug ipilumimab.By relieving this restraint, CTLA-4-blocking antibodies such as ipilumimab can promote tumor rejection, but the full scope of their most suitable applications has yet to be fully determined.