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Background : Although 2-D analysis of left ventricular (LV) rotation, twist and torsion has been validated in adults and children;these measures are highly dependent on 2-D planes with limited robustness and reproducibility.The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of LV rotation, twist and torsion by real-time 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE)in children and to establish their normal values.