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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of aqueous Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract(RDE)on the alveolar bone of rats with ovariectomy-induced bone loss.Materials and Methods: Female Wistar rats were subjected to either ovariectomy or a sham operation(SHAM).The ovariectomized(OVX)rats were treated with vehicle(OVX)or RDE by oral gavage or with 17β-estradiol(E2)subcutaneously.