This study aimed to examine the association between floods and the morbidity of dysentery and to quan-tify the burden of dysentery due to floods in Nanning,China.A generalized additive mixed model was conducted to assess the relationship between monthly morbidity of dysentery and floods from 2004 to 2010.The years lived with disability(YLDs)of dysentery attributable to floods were then estimated based on the WHO framework of the burden of disease study for calculating the potential impact fraction.The relative risk(RR)of floods on the morbidity of dysentery was 1.44(95%confidence interval[CI]= 1.18-1.75).The models suggest that a potential 1-day rise in flood duration may lead to 8%(RR = 1.08,95%CI = 1.04-1.12)increase in the morbidity of dysentery.The average attrib-utable YLD per 1,000 of dysentery caused by floods were 0.013 in males,0.005 in females,and 0.009 in persons.Our study confirms that floods have significantly increased the risk and the burden of dysentery in the study area.Public health action should be taken to prevent and control the potential risk of dysentery after floods.Vulnerable groups such as males and children should be paid more attention.