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Objective It has been reported that the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase Fe-S protein 3 (NDUFS3) is lower in some cancers.The aim of this study was to evaluate the NDUFS3 expression and its clinical significance in human ovarian serous carcinoma.Methods Totally 30 ovarian normal epithelial, 30 serous adenoma, and 100 serous carcinoma tissues were collected and the expression of NDUFS3 protein and mRNA was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, Western-blot, and real time RT-PCR, respectively.The correlation of NDUFS3 protein expression with clinicopathologic parameters and disease-free and overall survival of the patients was analyzed.Results The expression of NDUFS3 mRNA and protein was significantly decreased in ovarian serous carcinoma compared with ovarian normal and benign tumor (P< 0.001 for both).In addition, reduced NDUFS3 immunostaining was significantly correlated with FIGO stage (P=0.002) and residual disease after primary surgery (P=0.021).Moreover, lower NDUFS3 expression presented shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (P =0.002) and the overall survival (OS) (P =0.004) of the patients.Conclusions NDUFS3 expression is down-regulated in ovarian serious carcinomaand may be acandidate for predicting prognosis of the patients with ovarian serious cancer.