Differentiation,accumulation, latent infection and loss of germinal center follicular CD4 T helper c

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  Abstract:Follicular CD4+ T helper (TFH) cells play a prominent role in the generation of humoral immune responses to infections, providing help for B cell development, survival, and affinity maturation of antibodies. CD4+ TFH cells are reported to expand in some studies of HIV or SIV infection, but others show losses of TFH cells, and the reasons for these discordances remain unclear. Here we found that “mature” TFH cells, defined here as PD-1HIGHCD4+ T cells specifically localized within lymph node germinal centers (GC), accumulated in chronically SIV-infected rhesus macaques, compared with animals infected with less pathogenic viruses and controllers.
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