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The occurrence and abundance of different ostracod species are sensitive to changes in environmental factors, especially to the temperature and the salinity of water bodies.Thus, the ostracods can be used as a scale rough measure of temperature and salinity in the analysis and reconstruction of paleoenvironments.In order to interpret the climate-change data using the ecological characteristics of the ostracods from the drill cores in Lake Qinghai, the distribution of Recent ostracods was studied in Lake Qinghai area.A total of 34 species belonging to the Ostracoda class of Crustacea were collected from different bodies of water in the Lake Qinghai area, and the ecological information for Recent ostracod species was studied.Among these 34 species, Cypris pubera, Eucypris dulcifons, Ilyocypris sp.1, Ilyocypris sp.2, Fabaeformiscandona caudata, Fabaeformiscandona byalina, Herpetocypris reptans, Prionocypris gansenensis, Potamocypris villosa, Potamocypris smaragdina, Paralimnocythere compressa and Subulacypris sp.were first reported by us in the Lake Qinghai area.Some of the species identified exhibited cosmopolitan distributions, at least in the Holarctic region, but P.gansenensis and Ilyocypris echinata appeared to be restricted to the cold regions in northwestern China.