Since the beginning of the current century nanotechnology has given rise to a new wave ot naterials science touching many facets of our life and society.The concrete building construction is no exception to this emerging trend.There are numerous evidences to show that if concrete can make use of materials with nano-size (<100nm) at least in one direction in small but optimal proportions, its properties can be selectively improved and modified to an extent that could not have been otherwise possible.The nanosilica, nano-carbonate, nano-carbon tubes and fibres are receiving increasing attention in modifying concrete properties.The titania nano-particles in coating can capture and decompose organic and inorganic air pollutants and make the exposed conerete surfaces "self cleaning".Steel reinforcement can be made corrosion-resistant with the help of nanotechnology and nanomaterials.On the whole, the application of nanotechnology to concrete construction has the potential of minimizing matter (an aggregate of energy and mass) consumed during the whole life cycle "from cradle to grave", minimizing negative environmental impacts and finally ensuring a comfort of usin3.Notwithstanding the great promise of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in concrete construction, the long-term safety aspects of these novel materials are poorly understood, particularly with respect to their toxicological liabilities.With increased attention on health hazards, there has been a need to develop new methods of toxicity profiling, safer manufacturing procedures, and application of "greener" nanomaterials to concrete construction.The present paper is an attempt to review if the construction industry will eventually be a strong beneficiary of nanotechnology with substantial sustainability impact.