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宋代科举考试中的策问并非简单等同于一个或几个问题,而是拥有一定的文本形态。在问题之外,提问者还会叙述相关内容,这些内容与问题用一定的结构绾合在一起,构成整个策问的文本。宋代常科发解试策问形态的变化趋势是篇幅逐渐加大,形制由骈转散,结构程式化倾向日趋明显,作者主观立场由隐而显。省试策问的形态变化与之近似,但南宋时期篇幅明显增长,甚至接近千字。殿试策问以皇帝口吻写成,程式化程度更高,主体部分通常由五项内容构成,形式上骈散结合,提问的视角和措辞都比较宏观,更好地体现了策问的征询性功能。
The policy questions in the imperial examination in the Song Dynasty were not simply equivalent to one or a few questions, but they had a certain form of text. In addition to the question, the questioner will also describe the relevant content, which is combined with the question in a certain structure to form the entire questioning text. The regular trend of regular examination in the Song Dynasty was that the length of space was gradually enlarged, the formation of the system was changed from “骈” to “散 散”, and the structural stylization tendency became obvious. The author’s subjective position was hidden. The provincial bureaucracy asked the morphological changes and the approximation, but the Southern Song Dynasty period increased significantly, or even close to a thousand words. The essay was written in the style of the emperor, with a higher degree of stylization. The main part is usually composed of five parts. The forms are loosely combined with each other. The perspectives and wording of the questions are more macroscopic and better reflect the consultative function of policy.