Marine invertebrates actively incorporate calcium and carbonate ions from seawater to build their calcium carbonate (CaCO3) skeletons through highly regulated biomineralization processes.The process has been shown to be exogenously influenced by seawater carbonate chemistry.Recently,rising anthropogenic CO2 have resulted in a directional shift in seawater carbonate chemistry regime,reducing the availability of carbonate ions and pH.This anticipated climate change scenario of undersaturated and acidified environment may ultimately hinder calcification of many calcareous species.