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A review of history of research on diatoms and their potential applicability for marine reconstructions of Holocene in China are presented here.Comprehensive summary to the Holocene fossil/sub-fossil achievements in diatom research in Chinese Seas comprise fourth aspects: a)phyletic classification to taxonomy of marine sedimentary diatoms, b) the biogeography distribution of diatoms in the surface marine sediments, c) the division and correlation of marine Holocene stratigraphy, d) the diatoms indexes for palaeo-environment evolution in marine Holocene.In addition, this paper pointed out the discrepancies and gaps in existing research results, and discuses developing directions of research on fossil diatoms for oceanographic and geological sciences as well.