Background:Benzbromarone,as a classical uricosuric agents,has a large market in Asian counties,including China.Benzbromarone-related liver toxicity has been widely recognized,but the associated renal toxicity has not been adequately investigated.Especially,the drug is continually administered in the contraindications like urolithiasis and patients with high 24-h uric acid excretion.We report two unique clinical patterns of benzbromarone-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)following self-medication the drug as remedy for hyperuricemia.Both patients had contraindications to benzbromarone.Case presentation: Case 1 was a 45-year-old man suffered AKI after took 100mg benzbromarone.Ultrasound scan showed multiple small stones in both kidneys,and the laboratory data showed the 24-h uric acid excretion was 3128mg.Case 2 was a 17-year-old male student presented with AKI after self-administered 50mg benzbromarone.Ultrasound scan showed multiple stones in the left kidney.After admission,both patients were given renal biopsy,and the former pathological results showed acute tubular interstitial nephropathy whilst the latter showed acute tubular damage.Both recovered at last with no special treatment.Conlusion:These cases illustrate uricosuric drugs like benzbromarone can only be used after exclusion of urolithiasis and other contraindications.Also,we should pay more attention to benzbromarone associated AKI.