While much effort has been devoted to the delineation of materials that are suitable for neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), how material topographical features, especially the nanofiber diameter and alignment,influence the growth and neuronal differentiation of hESCs, however, is still elusive.In the present study, we seeded hESCs-derived neural precursors on random or aligned tussah silk fibroin (TSF) electrospun nanofibers with diameters of 400 nm and 800 nm and found that the diameter and alignment of TSF scaffolds significantly influence the growth and differentiation of hESCs-derived neural precursors.