Objective:To observe the effect of Danshen injection on stromal cell derived factor-1 ( SDF-1 ),vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in brain tissue of ischemic cerebral infarction in rats and the improvement of neural function of rats after recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( rhG-CSF ) mobilization.Exploring the possible pathways of bone marrow stem cells in the treatment of cerebral infarction disease.Methods: To establish middle cerebral artery occlusion model ( MCAO ) of SD rats,and dividing into 4 groups,group A: rhG-CSF mobilization and Danshen injection group,group B: rhG-CSF mobilization group,group C: Danshen injection group,group D: model control group.There were 24 rats in each group,which was divided into 3d group and 7d group,whie 12 rats for each according to sampling.Randomly selecting another 12 normal rats served as sham operation group ( group E ).According to the therapy,we judged the improvement of neural function of rats by NSS on different time points,then took all the ischemic brain tissue and detected contents of SDF-1 and VEGF in brain tissue,and compared within those groups.Results: 1,Results on the third day after mobilization: the content of SDF-1 in brain tissue of rats of rhG-CSF+Danshen group was higher than the other four groups,whose difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ); the difference of the content of VEGF in brain tissue of rats among rhG-CSF+Danshen group,rhG-CSF group and Danshen group was not significant( P>0.05 ),as compared with the control group and sham operation group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).2,Results on the seventh day after mobilization: the content of SDF-1 in brain tissue of rats of rhG-CSF+Danshen group was higher than rhG-CSF group and control group,while the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05),but not significant compared with Danshen group( P>0.05 ); the content of VEGF in brain tissue of rats of rhG-CSF+Danshen group and Danshen group was higher than control group,while the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05),but there was no difference between the two of them,also between rhG-CSF and control group ( P>0.05 );3,The improvement of neural function: except for the sham operation group,NSS of each group was lower than before,whose difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01 ); the reduction in NSS score of rhG-CSF+Danshen group was more than the other three groups,as the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 ); 4,On different time points: differences of SDF-1,VEGF content in brain tissue and the NSS score of rats between 3d group and 7d group were not statistically significant ( P>0.05 ).Conclusions: 1,Results on the third day after mobilization: either giving rhG-CSF or Danshen injection could promote the expression of SDF-1 and VEGF in brain tissue of rats,while the combination of them promoted higher expression of SDF-1.But we need larger experiment to confirm whether the combination of them will promote higher expression of VEGF.2,Results on the seventh day after mobilization: giving Danshen injection could promote the expression of SDF-1 and VEGF in brain tissue of rats,but we need larger basic experiment to confirm whether the combination of them will promote higher expression of VEGF.3,Using injection after mobilized by rhG-CSF could significantly reduce the injury of neural function of rats.4,All the ways to treat were not correlated with time in the differences of SDF-1,VEGF content in brain tissue and the NSS score of rats,but we need larger experiment for further research.