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Neuroserpin (NSP) is regarded for its neuroprotection in cerebral ischemic animal models and patients;our current study proved the neuroprotective effects of NSP on astrocytes.In the present study, we attempted to confirm neuroprotective effects of NSP on the other important cells in central nervous system (CNS), namely neuron and microglia in the ischemic state.Neurons and microglias from neonatal rats were therefore treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R).To confirm the neuroprotective effects of NSP, we measured the neuronal survival rate, neuronal apoptosis rate and relative lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release for neuron;and IL-1β release along with LDH release for microglias.