Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in treating vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) caused by Kummells Disease (KD) or non-Kummells Disease (Non-KD).Methods Patients with VCFs who underwent PVP between January 2007 and December 2013 at our hospital were retrospectively divided into two groups:KD group and non-KD group.The inclusion criteria were:1) fresh VCFs between T1 to L5 vertebra based on the results of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),or CT and nuclear bone scan imaging; 2) age ≥ 55 years; 3) unrelieved serious fresh VCF-related focal spinal pain [defined as unrelieved by conservative therapy (analgesics,bed rest,and bracing) for at least 4 weeks]; 4) post-procedure CT scans within 3 days after the procedure; and 5) the ability to comply with the followup evaluations after PVP.The outcomes were measured in terms of demographics,volume of injected cement,cement leakage and rate of new VCFs after PVP.