In thinking about the distribution of species and their population biology one of the biggest challenges ecologists face is to integrate spatial and temporal patterns.Nowhere is this more apparent than in considering how species respond to global climate change.Many kinds of species are likely to be affected by shifts in climatic regimes.Increasingly studies have investigated certain aspects of spatial dynamics in relation to climate,such as range shifts viewed through metapopulation dynamics,shifts in predator-prey cycles of Arctic mammals,or the timing of seasonal migrations.