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Objective: To investigate the relationship amoung leptin, estrogen, and bone mass.Method: Eighty Wistar female rats, aged 6-month-old,were randomly divided into four groups.The rats in two of the groups were ovariectomized and the rats in the other two groups were sham operated.The rats were further divided into the following groups: sham rats fed with the ordinary diet, sham rats fed with the nourished diet, ovariectomized rats fed with the ordinary diet and, ovariectomized rats fed with the nourished diet.After 2 months feeding,the concentrations of leptin and estrogen in serum was detected by ELISA, the weight of the rats, the fat mass inside the abdominal cavity, the bong mineral density (BMD) by DEXA were measured.Result: The weight increased obviously while bone mass decreased after ovariectomy, especially in ovariectomized rats group fed with the nourished diet.Nourished diet induced the fat mass inside the abdominal cavity increased.The fat mass was positively correlated with the concentration of leptin in two nourished groups, and was positively correlated with BMD in sham rats fed with the nourished diet group.In ovariectomized rats fed with the nourished diet group, the negatively correlation between leptin and BMD existenced, the correlation between leptin and BMD was positive in the other three groups.Estrogen level was positively correlated with bone mass.Both leptin and estrogen regulated bone mass through fat mass.Conclusion: The nourishment was the main factor of the body fat increasing.Both leptin and estrogen were correlated with bone mass.The effect of regulating bone mass of leptin and estrogen might through fat mass.