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西夏语句子成份之间的语意及功能关系主要是由词序、动词的人称变化(与人称呼应)及格来表示。西夏语格的语法形式主要为分析形式(analytic form),也就是在名词之后加上格助词。然而关于西夏语格助词的数量及种类,各家学者看法不一,种类分歧,数量也从六到二十余个不等。在本文中我们以语法形式的概念作为出发点,对比现代羌语支语言的格系统,分出十种格助词:主题标记、作格、主格、属格、受格、具格、伴随格、比格、目标格及处所格。其中西夏语的属格、比格、目标格及处所格都可以从藏语、阿尔泰语和现代羌语支中找到对应关系。另外,笔者针对每个格助词的意义、功能及用法进行详细的阐述。研究显示,西夏语格助词的省略并非随意,而是有理可循。
The semantic and functional relationships between the constituent elements of Xixia language are mainly represented by the word order, the change of person’s verb (and echoed by people) of the verb. The grammatical form of Xixia language is mainly analytic form, that is, after the nouns add the lattice auxiliary. However, regarding the number and variety of Xixia Chinese word-of-mouth supporters, different scholars have different opinions and different types of dissidents, ranging from six to twenty in number. In this paper, we take the concept of grammatical form as the starting point, contrasting the lattice system of the modern Qiang language branch language, and divide ten kinds of lattice auxiliary words: thematic markup, the lattice, the main lattice, the lattice, the lattice, the lattice, the lattice, the ratio Grid, the target grid and the grid. One of the Xixia language genus, Beggar, target cell and locality grid can be found in Tibetan, Altaic and modern Qiang branch correspondence. In addition, the author describes the meaning, function and usage of each cell word in detail. Research shows that the omission of Xixia language is not random, but it is reasonable to follow.