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@@ Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint degenerative disease affecting more than 25％ of people over the age of 18. The pathogenesis of OA is poorly understood. Currently there is no effective disease- modifying treatment for OA. Several lines of evidence suggest that the TGF-β/Smad pathway plays a critical role in OA development. However, the downstream target gene(s) for this signaling pathway during OA development remain unknown.