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利用2.5维粒子模拟软件Karat对一种无导引磁场X波段Cerenkov型高功率微波振荡器开展了仿真研究,利用冷腔色散曲线模型与Superfish电磁场分布模拟软件选择了工作点,设计了基本模型。在基本模型的基础上进行仿真优化,通过采用内外约束阴极环提高电子束质量,采用锥变型收集极优化器件Q值、增加模转效率、纯化输出微波模式,优化非均匀锥形慢波结构增强束波作用,最终使器件效率从17%优化到30%,输出功率达到1.8GW,输出微波模式为TEM模,频率9.1GHz,对应二极管工作电压620k V、电流9.4k A.
A 2.5-D particle simulation software Karat was used to simulate a X-band Cerenkov-type high-power microwave oscillator without guiding magnetic field. The working model was selected by using cold cavity dispersion curve model and Superfish electromagnetic field distribution simulation software to design the basic model. Simulation and optimization based on the basic model are carried out. The beam quality is improved by using the inner and outer constrained cathode rings. The cone-shaped collector is used to optimize the Q value of the device, increase the mode conversion efficiency, purify the output microwave mode and optimize the non-uniform tapered slow- Finally, the efficiency of the device is optimized from 17% to 30%. The output power reaches 1.8GW. The output microwave mode is TEM mode, the frequency is 9.1GHz, corresponding to the diode working voltage of 620k V and the current of 9.4kA.