We propose a new decomposition algorithm for seismic data based on a band-limited priori knowledge on the Fourier or Radon spectrum.This decomposition is called geometry mode decomposition(GMD),as it decomposes a 2D signal into components consisting of linear or parabolic features.Rather than using a predefined frame,GMD adaptively obtains the geometry parameters in the data,such as the dominant slope or curvature.GMD is solved by alternatively pursuing the geometry parameters and the corresponding modes in the Fourier or Radon domain.The geometry parameters are obtained from the weighted center of the corresponding modes energy spectrum.The mode is obtained by applying a Wiener filter,the design of which is based on a certain band-limited property.We applied GMD to seismic events splitting,noise attenuation,interpolation,and demultiple.The results show that our method is a promising adaptive tool for seismic signal processing,in comparisons with the Fourier and curvelet transforms,empirical mode decomposition(EMD)and variational mode decomposition(VMD)methods.