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Background The aim of the study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of aliskiren on ventricular remodeling and heart function in the rats of acute myocardial infarction.Methods The 60 male 8-week-old Wistar rats were enrolled and fed in standard environment.Aiter one week, they were randomly divided into four groups (n=15, per group): sham .operated group, control group, perindopril group and aliskiren group.The rats in control group, perindopril group and aliskiren group were all ligated the anterior descending coronary branch for developing an animal model of anterior myocardial infarction.Meanwhile, sham operated group was regarded as a concurrent group and the rats were subjected to sham coronary ligature.The next day of the operation, the rats in perindopril group and aliskiren group were dosed orally per day with perindopril (2.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) or aliskiren (50mg·kg ·d-1) for 8 weeks, respectively.At the same time, the animals in sham operated group, control group were provided with 0.9％ saline.We deteced the parameters as follows: (1) Before and at the end of the experiment, all the rats were weighed and the pressure blood were assayed.(2) Echocardiographic images were acquired before and at the end of the experiment.The left ventricular internal diameter end-diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular internal diameter end-systole(LVIDs), interventricular septum thickness at enddiastole (IVSd), left ventricle posterior wall at enddiastole(LVPWd),left ventricle ejection fration (LVEF), fractional shortening (FS), the early diastolic (E), late diastolic (A) velocities and E/A of atrioventricular valve were measured.(3) The rats were killed and the samples were obtained.The weight of heart and left ventricle were measured, cardiac mass index (CMI) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were calculated too;The myocarial histopathological changes were assayed; ELISA assayed the concentration of hs-CRP in serum;Immunohistochemistry decteted the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TGF-β; RT-PCR determined the mRNA expression of MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-1,TGF-β,Collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ; Western blot determined the protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-β.