A variety of external stimuli and internal psychological states,collectively called stressors,activate the hypothalamic-pituitary stress axis to regulate physiology(e.g.cortisol release).
Damage to orbitofrontal cortex(OFC)produces an unusual pattern of deficits.Patients have intact cognitive abilities but are impaired in making everyday decisions.
AMPA-type glutamate receptors(AMPARs)mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in brain.The subunit composition of the receptors determines their synaptic targeting and functional properties, and thus
Objective Peripheral neuropathy,with clinical manifestations of pain,sensory,autonomic and even motor dysfunctions,is a major common complication of both diabetes and pre-diabetes.