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Previous studies have indicated that the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) is involved in an endogenous analgesic system consisting of the spinal cord-nucleus submedius-VLO-periaqueductal gray-spinal cord loop.Morphological evidence showed serotonin (5-HT) ergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleuss (DR) sent their axons to the VLO and behavioral study results indicated GABAergic modulation is involved in the VLO 5-HT1A receptor activation-induced antinociception.The current study examined the relationship of 5-HTergic terminals and GABAergic neurons in the rats VLO by using anterogradely labeled bind with immunofluorescence histochemical and immunoelectron microscopic method.