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Staniless steel dust contains a remarkable content of Cr oxides which is worthrecycling.As a practical method,Smelting treatment is chosen to recover Cr resource in stainless steel dust.Distribution of Cr between the recovered melt and the residual slag phase depends on the activity coefficient of Cr in the metal phase(Cr γ)and the activity coefficient of CrO in the slag(CrO γ).Bothγ Cr inFe-Cr-Ni-C(-Si/Al)melt and γ CrO in CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 slag under different situations were firstlypredicted through thermodynamic calculation.Experimental research on reduction of Cr during smelting treatment of stainless steel dust was performed in this study.Theresults suggested that the recovery ratios of valuable metals increased with increasing%CaO/%SiO2 of the residual slag to 1.17 and then decreased.A good linear relationship betweenthe apparent distribution ratio of Cr(m/s LCr)and CrO Cr γ/γ was observed.