This lecture provides an overview of recent advances in the research and development on conversion of coal to clean fuels,chemicals and materials with CO2 capture involving chemical processing, catalysis, and adsorption.As one of the major energy sources in the world today, coal has an important role in sustainable energy development because the amount of known resources is much larger for coal (with demonstrated reserves over 250 times the current annual consumption) than that for natural gas (about 60 times) and that for petroleum (about 40times).